A hydraulic cylinder includes piston and plunger assemblies fitted together with a retention ring. This design allows finish-machined pistons to be assembled without welding of semi-finished machine components.
A hand tool for installing retainer rings includes a frame element, a pair of swing arms and a threaded drive shaft. The frame is an axially elongated post element having a pair of pivot joints symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of a post axis along a line substantially normal to the post axis. A pair of swing arms attached to the pivot joints for partial rotation about respective pivot joint axes, extend together along the post axes away from a handle portion of the post length. Retainer ring engagement nibs are secured to extension arms that project from distal ends of the swing arms. Threaded follower blocks pivotally secured to each of the swing arms receive respectively threaded opposite ends of the drive shaft. A midposition of the drive shaft is secured to the post element with rotational freedom and axial restraint. Thread leads of the two follower blocks are oppositely turned to produce oppositely directed movement of the retainer ring nibs when the drive shaft is rotated.
An improved cutting tool includes a tool holder having a recess in which an insert is held by a retaining screw. The retaining screw has a head end portion which extends into an open recess formed in a side of the insert to press the insert against bottom and side surfaces of the tool holder recess. To maximize the length of a threaded opening engaged by the retaining screw, the screw has a central axis which extends at an acute angle to a central axis of the tool holder. The bottom and side surfaces of the tool holder recess extend at acute angles to the central axis of the tool holder to firmly support the insert during a cutting operation. An outer end portion of a shank of the tool holder has a generally oval cross-sectional configuration which provides clearance for chips cut from a workpiece and also provides a relatively strong support for the insert. In addition, the oval cross-sectional configuration of the tool holder shank enables the insert to be utilized to form relatively deep grooves on the inside of a workpiece. The insert has a generally rectangular body which is received in the tool holder recess and a cantilevered cutting portion which extends outwardly from the insert body.