Arun K Gupta

US Patent:

20070138027, Jun 21, 2007

Filed:

Dec 15, 2005

Appl. No.:

11/304065

Inventors:

David Dinsmoor - St. Paul MN, US
Michael Mattes - Chandler AZ, US
Rogier Receveur - Maastricht, NL
Arun Gupta - Hermantown MN, US

Assignee:

Medtronic, Inc. - Minneapolis MN

International Classification:

G01F 1/64
G01N 27/26

US Classification:

205787500, 204416000

Abstract:

The disclosure provides monolithic electrodes including a substrate defining a walled cavity having a floor, an electrically conductive cathode layer overlaying the cavity floor, an electrically conductive contact pad overlaying the substrate, an electrically conductive via in electrical communication with the cathode layer and the contact pad, and a porous membrane layer overlaying the cavity and defining a chamber formed by the porous membrane layer, the walled cavity, and the cavity floor. The disclosure also provides pH transducers including monolithic indicator and reference electrodes, and methods of making and using monolithic pH electrodes and transducers.