A method is provided for determining the concentration of a solution having a predetermined osmotic pressure and/or for generating a solution with a predetermined osmotic pressure. The method is performed by placing a sample of a solution into a sample cell, the sample cell including therein a membrane supported therein; sealing the sample in the sample cell; introducing gas at a predetermined elevated pressure substantially equal to the predetermined osmotic pressure; and generating a dialyzate by allowing the solution to dialyze through the membrane until equilibrium is achieved and no more dialyzate passes through while the sample cell is maintained at the predetermined elevated pressure, the sample remaining in the sample cell having an osmotic pressure substantially equal to the predetermined elevated pressure; collecting the dialyzate of said generating step; and weighing the dialyzate of said collecting step to determine the concentration of the solution remaining in the sample cell.
Method And Apparatus For Measuring Osmotic Pressure
A method and apparatus are provided for the measuring osmotic pressure of a solution. A sample of a solution is placed into a sample cell above a membrane supported in the sample cell and the sample cell is sealed. Gas at an elevated pressure is introduced into the sample cell to drive a quantity of dialyzate through the membrane and into a transparent dialyzate exit tube adapted to receive the dialyzate which passes through the membrane. The elevated pressure of the gas is varied through a pressure regulator to yield a substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus in the transparent dialyzate exit tube. The pressure in the sample cell is measured by reading a pressure gauge showing the elevated pressure of the gas that yielded the substantially stationary dialyzate meniscus, the elevated pressure of the gas being substantially equivalent to the osmotic pressure of the sample.
Method For Simultaneously Coating A Non-Gelatin Layer Adjacent To A Gelatin-Containing Layer
A method of reducing the tendency toward formation of coating non-uniformities in the coating of multilayer photographic elements is disclosed. More particularly, the present invention involves the coating of a non-gelatin coating over a topmost gelatin layer in a photographic element. In one embodiment, a processing-solution-permeable overcoat is simultaneously coated with the emulsion layers onto a photographic substrate, which overcoat becomes water and stain resistant in the photochemically processed product. In the latter embodiment, the overcoat formulation comprises at least one water-dispersible hydrophobic polymer interspersed with a water-soluble polymer.
Protective Overcoat And Process For Thermal Dye Sublimation Prints
Disclosed is a protective transparent overcoat comprising a protective polymer and a surfactant compound having multiple non-end-group hydrogen bonding groups directly or indirectly bonded to the backbone chain of the surfactant compound. The coating enables simplified manufacturing of a thermal sublimation dye transfer donor of high quality.
Protective Overcoat And Process For Thermal Dye Sublimation Prints
Disclosed is a protective transparent overcoat comprising a protective polymer and a surfactant compound having multiple non-end-group hydrogen bonding groups directly or indirectly bonded to the backbone chain of the surfactant compound. The coating enables simplified manufacturing of a thermal sublimation dye transfer donor of high quality.
Mridula Nair - Penfield NY, US David C. Boris - Webster NY, US Charles P. Lusignan - Rochester NY, US Dennis J. Massa - Pittsford NY, US Tamara K. Jones - Rochester NY, US Anita M. Fees - Rochester NY, US
Assignee:
Eastman Kodak Company - Rochester NY
International Classification:
G03G 5/00
US Classification:
43013714, 43013715
Abstract:
The present invention is a method of manufacturing toner particles that includes providing a first emulsion of a first aqueous phase comprising a pore stabilizing hydrocolloid dispersed in an organic solution containing a polymer. The first emulsion is dispersed in a second aqueous phase to form a second emulsion that is sheared in the presence of a stabilizing agent to form droplets of the first emulsion in the second aqueous phase. The organic solution is evaporated from the droplets to form porous toner particles.
Lc Resonance Probe For Determining Local Plasma Density
David R. Boris - Washington DC, US David D. Blackwell - Alexandria VA, US David N. Walker - Arlington VA, US Richard F. Fernsler - Annandale VA, US Scott G. Walton - Fairfax VA, US
Assignee:
The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy - Washington DC
International Classification:
G01R 29/24 G01R 29/00 G06F 19/00 G06F 17/40
US Classification:
702 1, 738658, 702187, 702189, 708105, 708200
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for determining plasma parameters such as plasma electron density n. The probe apparatus includes an LC resonance probe comprising an inductive element and a capacitive element connected in series. The capacitive element of the probe can be in the form of a parallel plate capacitor, a cylindrical capacitor, a spherical capacitor, or any other suitable capacitor. The configuration of the probe apparatus gives it a characteristic resonance frequency ωwhich can be determined by a circuit analysis device. When the capacitive element of the probe apparatus is placed in a plasma, the probe exhibits a new resonance frequency ω, which is different from ωbecause of the dielectric constant ∈ of the plasma. The difference in resonance frequencies can be used to determine plasma density n, where.
David Charles Boris - Webster NY, US Teresa Joy Hosmer - Webster NY, US
International Classification:
C09D 11/02 C09D 11/10 B41J 2/01
US Classification:
347100, 106 3113, 106 316, 524561
Abstract:
An inkjet ink comprising water, colorant, and a dynamic surface active agent at an effective concentration such that the ink has a dynamic surface tension DSTat 1 second universal surface age, a dynamic surface tension DSTat 10 seconds universal surface age and a dynamic surface tension DSTat 20 minutes universal surface age, where DSTis less than each of DSTand DST, and the difference between DSTand DSTis greater than 9.2 mN/m at 21 C. or the difference between DSTand DSTis greater than 15.5 mN/m at 21 C., and wherein the static surface tension of the ink is less than 50 mN/m. Maintaining a relatively large dynamic surface tension difference between the indicated time scales yields an optical density improvement in printed images.