David G Christian

US Patent:

43547354, Oct 19, 1982

Filed:

Dec 26, 1979

Appl. No.:

6/106761

Inventors:

David W. Stowe - Buffalo Grove IL
John D. Christian - late of Warrenville IL
Albert Christian - Indianapolis IN
Martha R. Christian - Indianapolis IN
Ann L. Ziegler - Danville IN
David A. Christian - Indianapolis IN

Assignee:

Gould Inc. - Rolling Meadows IL

International Classification:

G02B 5172

US Classification:

350 9629

Abstract:

A transducer (14) including an optical fiber core (15) having a first refractive index profile, and an optical cladding (16) encircling the core and having a second refractive index profile different from that of the profile of the optical core. At least one of the core and cladding is formed of a photoresponsive material providing a variable difference between the refractive indices of the core and cladding as a function of a physical effect applied to the transducer. Light may be propagated through the core from a suitable light source (18) and the light which is lost from the core to the cladding may be detected by a suitable detector (22,23) providing an output signal corresponding to the force applied to the transducer. In one form, the detector receives light from the end (21) of the transducer, and in another form, the detector (23) receives light through the outer surface (24) of the transducer.

US Patent:

43534180, Oct 12, 1982

Filed:

Oct 20, 1980

Appl. No.:

6/198850

Inventors:

Gerald B. Hoekstra - South Holland IL
David R. Christian - Lisle IL

Assignee:

Standard Oil Company (Indiana) - Chicago IL
Gulf Oil Corporation - Chicago IL

International Classification:

E21B 43247
E21B 4334
E21B 4338

US Classification:

166259

Abstract:

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for the in situ retorting of oil shale and purification products comprising establishing an underground in situ retort containing a mass of rubblized matter comprising oil shale and establishing a flame front within the rubblized matter. Oxygen containing gas comprising at least about 90 weight percent oxygen and diluent are passed into the retort to support combustion and form combustion gases suitable for the retorting of the rubblized mass and formation of off-gas comprising hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and contaminants. Off-gas comprising hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and contaminants is recovered from the retort and hydrocarbons and contaminants are substantially separated from at least a portion of the off-gas to produce a purified gas stream comprising hydrogen. At least a portion of the purified gas stream is passed to one or more conversion zones wherein shale oil is contacted with a stream comprising purified gas stream in the presence of a conversion catalyst at conversion conditions so as to substantially reduce the amount of nitrogen and sulfur contained in the shale oil.