Abstract:
A vehicle bumper includes a hollow tubular wall structure adapted to span the front or rear end of an automotive vehicle so as to absorb crash forces when the vehicle is involved in a crash situation at vehicle speeds above some predetermined speed level, e. g. , five miles per hour. The hollow tubular wall structure includes an outer wall disposed to receive the crash force, an inner wall connectable to the vehicle, and four connector walls joining the outer wall to the inner wall. The four connector walls bend at a controlled rate to absorb crash energy. The outer and inner walls have aligned air openings adapted to conduct ram air to the vehicle radiator.