Lloyd J. Old - New York NY, US Gerd Ritter - New York NY, US Hiroyoshi Nishikawa - New York NY, US Sacha Gnjatic - New York NY, US Jorge E. Galan - New Haven CT, US
The invention relates to the use of the type III secretion system of bacteria to stimulate immune responses against tumor antigen(s) for treating antigen-loss variant tumors. Methods are provided for stimulating and/or increasing an immune response against tumor antigens. The invention also relates to the preparation of antigen presenting cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using bacteria having a type III secretion system.