John M Engel

US Patent:

6579475, Jun 17, 2003

Filed:

Dec 7, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/731949

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Ocean NJ
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC
John F. Engel - Belmont NC

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

H01B 108

US Classification:

2525212, 2525181, 4292181, 4292313, 42923195, 429223, 429224, 429322, 429209, 423594, 423599, 423617, 423624, 423635, 423641

Abstract:

The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula Li Co A O wherein 0. 96w1. 05, 0x0. 05, -0. 02y0. 02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship ax +by c, wherein x ={right arrow over (S)} {right arrow over (P)} ; y ={right arrow over (S)} {right arrow over (P)} ; the vector {right arrow over (S)} is the x-ray spectrum for the Li Co A O compound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)} and {right arrow over (P)} defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)} between 15Â and 120Â using a 0. 02Â step size and CuK rays for a large sample set of lithium cobalt oxides and using the regression of {right arrow over (S)} of the sample set against the capacity fade after 50 cycles of a lithium coin cell that includes a lithium negative electrode and the lithium cobalt oxide as the positive electrode material and that is cycled between 3. 0 and 4. 3V at a constant current of C/3 during both charge and discharge cycles; and the values a, b and c are determined by using only the x and y values for Li Co A O compounds in the sample set that have a capacity fade after 50 cycles of less than or equal to 15%.

US Patent:

6620400, Sep 16, 2003

Filed:

Sep 12, 2001

Appl. No.:

09/952357

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Ocean NJ
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC
Hugh H. Wang - Brandon FL
John F. Engel - Belmont NC

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

C01D 1500

US Classification:

42359415, 4235946, 423599

Abstract:

The present invention includes substantially single-phase lithium metal oxide compounds having hexagonal layered crystal structures that are substantially free of localized cubic spinel-like structural phases. The lithium metal oxides of the invention have the formula Li M A O , wherein M is one or more transition metals, A is one or more dopants having an average oxidation state N such that +2. 5N+3. 5, 0. 901. 10, and +=1. The present invention also includes dilithiated forms of these compounds, lithium and lithium-ion secondary batteries using these compounds as positive electrode materials, and methods of preparing these compounds.

US Patent:

6878490, Apr 12, 2005

Filed:

Oct 29, 2001

Appl. No.:

10/040047

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Monroe NJ, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US
Michael E. Leonowicz - Charlotte NC, US
Prakash Palepu - Gastonia NC, US
John F. Engel - Belmont NC, US

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

H01M004/48
H01M004/52
C01G049/04
C01G051/04
C01G043/04

US Classification:

4292311, 429221, 429223, 429232, 4292313, 4292315, 2521821, 4235942, 4235944, 4235946, 42359412, 423598

Abstract:

The present invention is a positive electrode active material that can be used in secondary lithium and lithium-ion batteries to provide the power capability, i. e. , the ability to deliver or retake energy in short periods of time, desired for large power applications such as power tools, electric bikes and hybrid electric vehicles. The positive electrode active material of the invention includes at least one electron conducting compound of the formula LiM{A}Oand at least one electron insulating and lithium ion conducting lithium metal oxide, wherein Mis a transition metal, {A} is represented by the formula ΣwBwherein Bis an element other than Mused to replace the transition metal Mand wis the fractional amount of element Bin the total dopant combination such that Σw=1; Bis a cation in LiM{A}O; 0. 95≦x≦2. 10; 0≦y≦x/2; and 1.

US Patent:

6932922, Aug 23, 2005

Filed:

Apr 25, 2003

Appl. No.:

10/424056

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Ocean NJ, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US
John F. Engel - Belmont NC, US

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

C01G051/04
C01D015/00
C04B035/64
H01M004/52

US Classification:

2525212, 2525181, 252500, 4292313, 429223, 423641, 4235895

Abstract:

The present invention includes lithium cobalt oxides having hexagonal layered crystal structures and methods of making same. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention have the formula LiCoAOwherein 0. 96≦w≦1. 05, 0≦x≦0. 05, −0. 02≦y≦0. 02 and A is one or more dopants. The lithium cobalt oxides of the invention preferably have a position within the principal component space defined by the relationship ax+by≦c, wherein x={right arrow over (S)}•{right arrow over (P)}; y={right arrow over (S)}•{right arrow over (P)}; the vector {right arrow over (S)}is the x-ray spectrum for the LiCoAOcompound; the vectors {right arrow over (P)}and {right arrow over (P)}defining the principal component space are determined by measuring the x-ray powder diffraction values {right arrow over (S)}between 15 and 120 using a 0. 02 step size and CuKα rays for a large sample set of lithium cobalt oxides and using the regression of {right arrow over (S)}of the sample set against the capacity fade after 50 cycles of a lithium coin cell that includes a lithium negative electrode and the lithium cobalt oxide as the positive electrode material and that is cycled between 3. 0 and 4. 3V at a constant current of C/3 during both charge and discharge cycles; and the values a, b and c are determined by using only the xand yvalues for LiCoAOcompounds in the sample set that have a capacity fade after 50 cycles of less than or equal to 15%.

US Patent:

7074382, Jul 11, 2006

Filed:

Jun 12, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/170180

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Ocean NJ, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US
Hugh H. Wang - Brandon FL, US
John F. Engel - Belmont NC, US

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

C01D 15/00
C01G 51/00

US Classification:

4235944, 4235946, 4292313

Abstract:

The present invention includes substantially single-phase lithium metal oxide compounds having hexagonal layered crystal structures that are substantially free of localized cubic spinel-like structural phases. The lithium metal oxides of the invention have the formula LiMAO, wherein M is one or more transition metals, A is one or more dopants having an average oxidation state N such that +2. 5≦N≦+3. 5, 0. 90≦α≦1. 10, and β+γ=1. The present invention also includes dilithiated forms of these compounds, lithium and lithium-ion secondary batteries using these compounds as positive electrode materials, and methods of preparing these compounds.

US Patent:

8231810, Jul 31, 2012

Filed:

Apr 14, 2005

Appl. No.:

11/106225

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Monroe NJ, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US
John Engel - Belmont NC, US
Daniel Diesburg - Charlotte NC, US
Brian Fitch - Cherryville NC, US

Assignee:

FMC Corporation - Philadelphia PA

International Classification:

H01B 1/02
H01B 1/06
H01M 4/02
H01M 4/13
H01M 4/58

US Classification:

2525181, 2525201, 2525213, 429209, 4292181, 4292319, 42923195

Abstract:

Composite compounds of tin and lithium, silicon and lithium, or tin, silicon, and lithium having tin and silicon nano-dispersed in a lithium-containing matrix may be used as electrode materials and particularly anode materials for use with rechargeable batteries. Methods of making the composite compounds include the oxidation of alloys, the reaction of stabilized lithium metal powder with tin and silicon oxides, and the reaction of inorganic salts of lithium with tin and silicon containing compounds.

US Patent:

20020018746, Feb 14, 2002

Filed:

Sep 12, 2001

Appl. No.:

09/952355

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Ocean NJ, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US
Hugh Wang - Brandon FL, US
John Engel - Belmont NC, US

Assignee:

FMC Corporation

International Classification:

C01G051/04

US Classification:

423/593000, 423/594000

Abstract:

The present invention includes substantially single-phase lithium metal oxide compounds having hexagonal layered crystal structures that are substantially free of localized cubic spinel-like structural phases. The lithium metal oxides of the invention have the formula LiMAO, wherein M is one or more transition metals, A is one or more dopants having an average oxidation state N such that +N +, and +=. The present invention also includes dilithiated forms of these compounds, lithium and lithium-ion secondary batteries using these compounds as positive electrode materials, and methods of preparing these compounds.

US Patent:

20040002005, Jan 1, 2004

Filed:

Dec 20, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/324611

Inventors:

Yuan Gao - Monroe NJ, US
John Burba - Charlotte NC, US
John Engel - Belmont NC, US
Marina Yakovleva - Gastonia NC, US

International Classification:

H01M004/58
H01M004/62

US Classification:

429/231950, 429/217000, 429/231400, 429/232000, 252/182100

Abstract:

The present invention is a secondary battery having a high specific capacity and good cycleability, and that can be used safely. The secondary battery is manufactured to include an anode formed from a host material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium in an electrochemical system such as a carbonaceous material, and lithium metal dispersed in the host material. The anodes of the invention are combined with a cathode including an active material, a separator that a separates the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in communication with the cathode and the anode. The present invention also includes a method of preparing an anode and a method of operating a secondary battery including the anode of the invention.