Mark Steven Garrett

US Patent:

6351325, Feb 26, 2002

Filed:

Jul 28, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/627363

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

359210, 359372, 359382, 359383, 359389, 359393, 359900

Abstract:

This invention provides an angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, angled-dual-axis confocal head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-axis confocal head is configured such that an illumination beam and an observation beam intersect optimally at an angle within an object. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-axis confocal head to move towards or away from the object, thereby yielding a vertical scan that deepens into the object, while keeping the optical path lengths of the illumination and observation beams unchanged so to ensure the optimal intersection of the illumination and observation beams in the course of vertical scanning. The angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscope may further comprises a transverse stage, causing the object to move relative to the angled-dual-axis confocal head along transverse directions perpendicular to the vertical direction, thereby producing a transverse scan. By assembling various transverse and/or vertical scans in a suitable manner, two-dimensional transverse and/or vertical cross-section images of the object can be obtained. A three-dimensional volume image of the object can be accordingly constructed.

US Patent:

6369928, Apr 9, 2002

Filed:

Nov 1, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/705284

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

359204, 359214, 359372, 359385

Abstract:

This invention provides an angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning head is configured such that two illumination beams intersect optimally at an angle within an object and the scanning is achieved by pivoting the illumination beams and their corresponding observation beams using a single scanning element, thereby producing an arc-line scan. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning head to move towards or away from the object, thereby yielding a vertical cross-section scan of the object. The angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning microscope have advantages of enhanced resolution, faster scanning, higher sensitivity and larger dynamic range of detection, a larger field of view and a longer working distance, and a compact and integrated construction.

US Patent:

6414779, Jul 2, 2002

Filed:

Nov 30, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/728566

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Opeical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

359212, 359201, 359202, 359205, 359208, 359368, 359372, 359900, 385 83, 385 88

Abstract:

The present invention provides a novel class of integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope according to the present invention advantageously exploits an angled-dual-axis confocal arrangement in a silicon micro-machined and fiber-coupled construction, rendering it enhanced resolution, faster scanning, higher sensitivity, highly integrated and scalable structure. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope thus constructed can be readily miniaturized for many applications, such as in vivo imaging of biological specimens. One or two illumination beams may be employed in an angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention, thereby providing an assortment of reflectance and fluorescence images. An angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention is further capable of providing various line and cross-sectional-surface scans with fast speed and high precision. As such, the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes of the present invention provide advantages of high-speed and versatile scanning, larger dynamic range of detection, larger field of view and longer working distance, a compact and integrated construction, and versatile imaging capabilities.

US Patent:

6423956, Jul 23, 2002

Filed:

Jul 28, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/628118

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

2502013, 250235, 359215, 359385

Abstract:

This invention provides an angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head is configured such that an illumination beam and an observation beam intersect optimally at an angle within an object and the scanning is achieved by pivoting the illumination and observation beams using a single scanning element, thereby producing an arc-line scan. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head to move towards or away from the object. By integrating the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscope of the present invention with fiber-optic components and a fiber-coupled laser, the present invention also provides an assembly of fiber-based angled-dual-axis confocal scanning systems that can be particularly powerful tools in biological and medical imaging applications, such as instruments for performing optical coherence microscopy and in vivo optical biopsies.

US Patent:

6441356, Aug 27, 2002

Filed:

Jul 28, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/628119

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

2502013, 250235, 359215, 359385

Abstract:

This invention provides an angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, high-speed angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head is configured such that an illumination beam and an observation beam intersect optimally at an angle within an object and the scanning is achieved by pivoting the illumination and observation beams jointly using a high-speed scanning element, thereby producing an arc-line scan. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head to move towards or away from the object. Optical coherence detection is employed to provide temporal gating, thus detecting mostly single-scattered light and preventing multiple-scattered light from dominating the signal when imaging in a scattering medium. By incorporating MEMS scanning mirrors and fiber-optic components, the angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope can be miniaturized to provide a particularly powerful tool for in vivo medical imaging applications.

US Patent:

6522444, Feb 18, 2003

Filed:

May 10, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/142487

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - Cupertino CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. - Palo Alto CA

International Classification:

G02B 2608

US Classification:

359215, 359212, 359201, 359202, 359205, 359208, 359368, 359372, 359900, 359225, 359226, 385 83, 385 88

Abstract:

The present invention provides a novel class of integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope according to the present invention advantageously exploits an angled-dual-axis confocal arrangement in a silicon micro-machined and fiber-coupled construction, rendering it enhanced resolution, faster scanning, higher sensitivity, highly integrated and scalable structure. An integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope thus constructed can be readily miniaturized for many applications, such as in vivo imaging of biological specimens. One or two illumination beams may be employed in an angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention, thereby providing an assortment of reflectance and fluorescence images. An angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscope of the present invention is further capable of providing various line and cross-sectional-surface scans with fast speed and high precision. As such, the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes of the present invention provide advantages of high-speed and versatile scanning, larger dynamic range of detection, larger field of view and longer working distance, a compact and integrated construction, and versatile imaging capabilities.

US Patent:

6542231, Apr 1, 2003

Filed:

Aug 22, 2000

Appl. No.:

09/644194

Inventors:

Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA

Assignee:

Thermo Finnegan LLC - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G01N 710

US Classification:

356246, 356244, 385 12, 385125, 25022711, 25029595

Abstract:

A liquid sample analyzer with a flow-through liquid waveguide cell is described. The light source is fiber coupled to a liquid waveguide or light pipe. The light pipe can be remotely located and fiber coupled to the spectrometer so that the light source is thermally isolated making the spectrometer easily thermally stabilized, and the dispersion minimized. The liquid waveguide cell includes a light pipe that has a lower index of refraction than the liquid flowing through the light pipe. Light is input into the liquid waveguide by an optical fiber that is coupled to the liquid waveguide. The optical fiber diameter and the light pipe core diameter and spacing are selected to provide coupling of all light modes transmitted through the optical fiber into the light pipe. The output light is received by an optical fiber which is arranged to receive all of the light transmitted through the light pipe. The light output from the light pipe is fiber-coupled to the spectrometer with a fiber bundle that is arranged in the form of a slit at the distal end or entrance aperture of the spectrometer.

US Patent:

6710316, Mar 23, 2004

Filed:

Jul 1, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/189297

Inventors:

Michael J. Mandella - San Jose CA
Mark H. Garrett - Morgan Hill CA
Gordon S. Kino - Stanford CA

Assignee:

Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. - San Jose CA

International Classification:

G02B 704

US Classification:

2502013, 250235, 359215

Abstract:

This invention provides an angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope comprising a fiber-coupled, high-speed angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head and a vertical scanning unit. The angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head is configured such that an illumination beam and an observation beam intersect optimally at an angle within an object and the scanning is achieved by pivoting the illumination and observation beams jointly using a high-speed scanning element. The vertical scanning unit causes the angled-dual-axis confocal scanning head to move towards or away from the object, thereby yielding a vertical cross-section scan of the object, while keeping the optical path lengths of the illumination and observation beams unchanged. By incorporating MEMS scanning mirrors and fiber-optic components, the angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscope of the present invention can be miniaturized to provide a particularly powerful tool for in vivo medical imaging applications.