The invention provides a method for polishing or planarizing a substrate. First, the method comprises attaching a polymer-polymer composite polishing pad to a polishing device. The polishing pad has a polymer matrix and fluoropolymer particles embedded in the polymeric matrix. The fluoropolymer particles have a zeta potential more negative than the polymeric matrix. Cationic particle-containing slurry is applied to the polishing pad. Conditioning the polymer-polymer composite polishing pad exposes the fluoropolymer particles to the polishing surface and creates fluoropolymer-containing debris particles in the slurry. Polishing or planarizing the substrate with the increased electronegativity from the fluoropolymer at the polishing surface and in the fluoropolymer-containing debris particles stabilizes the cationic particle-containing slurry to decreases the precipitation rate of the cationic particle-containing slurry.
- Philadelphia PA, US Mohammad A. ISLAM - Broomall PA, US Andrew Marshall RAPPE - Penn Valley PA, US
International Classification:
G01N 21/64 G01N 21/76
Abstract:
The present disclosure pertains to the use of intense, narrow-linewidth surface, chemically-switchable ultraviolet photoluminescence from radiative recombination of the two-dimensional electron liquid with photo-excited holes in complex oxide heterostructures, such as LaAlO/SrTiO(LAO/STO). Such photoluminescence from the interface between the upper and lower layers can be suppressed and restored reversibly under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively, as induced by chemisorption and reversal of chemisorption on the exposed surface of the heterostructure's upper member. Making use of this chemically-switchable ultraviolet photoluminescence, the present disclosure provides, inter alia, systems for detection of a chemical species, methods for determining the absence or presence of a chemical species in a sample, optoelectronic devices, and methods for producing optoelectronic devices.
Coupling of switchable ferroelectric polarization with the carrier transport in an adjacent semiconductor enables a robust, non-volatile manipulation of the conductance in a host of low-dimensional systems, including the two-dimensional electron liquid that forms at the LaAlO-SrTiOinterface. However, the strength of the gate-channel coupling is relatively weak, limited in part by the electrostatic potential difference across a ferroelectric gate. Compositionally grading of PbZrTiOferroelectric gates enables a more than twenty-five-fold increase in the LAO/STO channel conductance on/off ratios. Incorporation of polarization gradients in ferroelectric gates can enable significantly enhanced performance of ferroelectric non-volatile memories.
Generation Of Airway And Lung Progenitors And Epithelial Cells And Three-Dimensional Anterior Foregut Spheres
- New York NY, US Sarah Xuelian Huang - New York NY, US Ya-Wen Chen - New York NY, US Jahar Bhattacharya - New York NY, US Mohammad Naeem Islam - Jamaica NY, US
Assignee:
THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK - NEW YORK NY
International Classification:
C12N 5/071 G01N 33/50 G01N 33/68
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to various methods for generating airway and lung progenitors and epithelial cells and three-dimensional anterior foregut spheres, and to populations of cells made using the methods. The airway and lung progenitors and epithelial cells can be used as a model to study diseases that primarily affect airway epithelial cells, and to study human lung development. Methods are also provided for drug screening. Anterior foregut spheres can be used as a model for lung fibrosis.
- Midland MI, US - Newark DE, US Fengji Yeh - Wilmington DE, US Marty W. DeGroot - Middletown DE, US Mohammad T. Islam - Newark DE, US Matthew Richard Van Hanehem - Middletown DE, US Darrell String - Havre de Grace MD, US James Murnane - Norristown PA, US Jeffrey James Hendron - Elkton MD, US John G. Nowland - Elkton MD, US
International Classification:
B24B 37/24 B24B 37/22 B24B 37/20
US Classification:
451 41, 451533, 451 59
Abstract:
A chemical mechanical polishing pad is provided containing: a polishing layer; a rigid layer; and, a hot melt adhesive bonding the polishing layer to the rigid layer; wherein the polishing layer exhibits a specific gravity of greater than 0.6; a Shore D hardness of 60 to 90; an elongation to break of 100 to 300%; and, a unique combination of an initial hydrolytic stability and a sustained hydrolytic instability.
Method Of Chemical Mechanical Polishing A Substrate
- Midland MI, US - Newark DE, US Fengji Yeh - Wilmington DE, US Marty W. DeGroot - Middletown DE, US Mohammad T. Islam - Newark DE, US Matthew Richard Van Hanehem - Middletown DE, US Darrell String - Havre de Grace MD, US James Murnane - Norristown PA, US Jeffrey James Hendron - Elkton MD, US John G. Nowland - Elkton MD, US
International Classification:
B24B 37/24 B24B 37/22 B24B 37/20
US Classification:
451 41, 451 59
Abstract:
A method of chemical mechanical polishing a substrate is provided, including: providing a substrate; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, comprising: a polishing layer having a composition and a polishing surface, wherein the composition of polishing layer is selected to exhibit an initial hydrolytic stability; coupled with a sustained hydrolytic instability; a rigid layer having a top surface and a bottom surface; a hot melt adhesive interposed between the base surface of the polishing layer and the top surface of the rigid layer; wherein the hot melt adhesive bonds the polishing layer to the rigid layer; a pressure sensitive platen adhesive layer having a stack side and a platen side; wherein the stack side of the pressure sensitive platen adhesive layer is adjacent to the bottom surface of the rigid layer; and, creating dynamic contact between the polishing surface and substrate to polish a surface of the substrate.
Mohammad R. Islam - Dix Hills NY, US Rakibul Islam - Elmhurst NY, US
International Classification:
G06F 17/00
US Classification:
701300
Abstract:
A system, method and computer program are provided for dispatching taxis. A list of the closest, available taxis is sent to a customer. The customer selects at least one taxi in the list that is to receive a travel request. After one of the taxis has accepted the travel request, a display is provided which indicates the location of the customer and the location of a taxi which has accepted the travel request. Updated location information is periodically submitted to determine updated locations for the customer and taxi throughout the pendency of the travel request.
Processes And Applications Of Carbon Nanotube Dispersions
Disclosed are copolymers of carbon nanotubes, as well as processes and applications of carbon nanotube dispersions. Carbon nanotube emulsions and related technology are also disclosed. The controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes on substrates is also provided. Methods of purifying single-walled carbon nanotubes are also provided. Devices made according to the disclosed methods are further described herein.