Stefan H Franzen

US Patent:

7255835, Aug 14, 2007

Filed:

Sep 4, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/234343

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Simon E. Lappi - Carrboro NC, US

Assignee:

North Carolina State University - Raleigh NC

International Classification:

G01N 21/03
G01N 21/13
G01N 33/552
G01N 21/35
G01N 21/01
G01N 33/543
G01N 33/48

US Classification:

422 8211, 25033907, 25033908, 2503391, 25033911, 25033912, 422 681, 422 8205, 422 8209, 436 86, 436 87, 436 91, 436 92, 436 93, 436 94, 436 95, 436 96, 436 97, 436 98, 436 99, 436171, 436501, 436518, 436524, 436527

Abstract:

Apparatus and method for acquiring an infrared spectrum of a sample having or suspected to have an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof. A representative method includes providing a sample; providing an internal reflecting element (IRE) with a functionalized tip; contacting the sample with the IRE to form a sample-IRE interface; directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the sample-IRE interface once; recording a reflectance profile over a range of preselected frequencies, whereby an infrared spectrum of the of a sample having or suspected of having an amide I band, an amide II band, an amide III band, an amide A band, an OH stretching region or a combination thereof, disposed in an aqueous solution is acquired. Representative apparatus includes an internal reflecting element (IRE) comprising a reflection face located on the IRE at a region of intended contact between the IRE and a solublized sample; an infrared radiation source for supplying an evanescent wave of infrared radiation and directing the same from the outside of the IRE to the inside thereof so as to cause the infrared radiation to be incident on the reflection face, wherein the infrared radiation is reflected from the reflection face once; a sample cell; a functionalized tip comprising a surface-immobilized probe that partially or completely fills the volume exposed to the evanescent wave; and a detector for detecting the once-reflected infrared radiation.

US Patent:

7332586, Feb 19, 2008

Filed:

Jul 10, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/192393

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Daniel L. Feldheim - Cary NC, US
Alexander G. Tkachenko - Raleigh NC, US
Marisha L. Godek - Fort Collins CO, US
Joseph A. Ryan - Raleigh NC, US
Stefan Franzen, legal representative - Apex NC, US

Assignee:

North Carolina State University - Raleigh NC

International Classification:

C07K 17/00
C07K 17/02
C07K 17/06
C07K 17/14
A61K 9/14

US Classification:

530402, 530324, 530326, 530327, 424491, 977773

Abstract:

A nanoparticle delivery vehicle, comprising a nanoparticle, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal and methods of modulating gene expression and protein expression employing the nanoparticle delivery vehicle. A representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter of about 30 nm or less, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the nucleus of a target cell. Another representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter greater than or equal to about 30 nm, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the cytoplasm of a cell.

US Patent:

7829275, Nov 9, 2010

Filed:

Sep 6, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/236205

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Daniel L. Feldheim - Cary NC, US

Assignee:

North Carolina State University - Raleigh NC

International Classification:

C12Q 1/68

US Classification:

435 6

Abstract:

A method of detecting the presence of an analyte, such as a target nucleic acid sequence, protein sequence or small molecule, which can also be employed to detect the formation of duplex structures, is disclosed. The method can comprise nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules, employing photoelectrochemically active nanoparticles, branched polymers or other structures that carry photoelectrochemically active molecules capable of generating a photocurrent when excited by light in the presence of an electric field is disclosed. The method can be employed to detect hybridization on an array and can be employed in sequencing, mutational analysis (for example, single nucleotide polymorphisms and other variations in a population) and for monitoring gene expression by analysis of the level of expression of messenger RNA extracted from a cell. The method is applicable to the detection of antibody binding or other protein binding for analyte detection in an array format. The creation of an array addressable by light is disclosed.

US Patent:

7868161, Jan 11, 2011

Filed:

Jul 31, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/496264

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Bohdan Skalski - Poznan, PL

Assignee:

North Carolina State University - Raleigh NC

International Classification:

C07H 21/00
C07H 21/04

US Classification:

536 253, 536 243

Abstract:

A method of detecting a target nucleic acid is disclosed, the method comprising detecting the presence of a fluorescent covalent crosslinked product from non-fluorescent precursors. The fluorescent covalent crosslinked product comprises a novel fluorophore structure. Also described are methods of synthesizing probe molecules that can form fluorescent covalent crosslinked products with nucleic acid targets and arrays comprising such probes.

US Patent:

20040113077, Jun 17, 2004

Filed:

Sep 23, 2003

Appl. No.:

10/669401

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Scott Brewer - Raleigh NC, US

International Classification:

G01J005/00

US Classification:

250/338100

Abstract:

A device for detecting the presence of a member of a specific binding pair in a sample includes a substrate and a variable charge density layer having a surface adjacent to the substrate and a surface remote from the substrate. A first member of a specific binding pair is on the surface of the variable charge density layer remote from the substrate. The first member interacts with a second member of the specific binding pair present in a sample. The variable charge density layer has a charge carrier density that can be changed by the application of light and/or an electric field, so that a plasmon band is produced by a reflected light source impinging on the variable charge density layer.

US Patent:

20040180369, Sep 16, 2004

Filed:

Jan 16, 2004

Appl. No.:

10/759496

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Daniel Feldheim - Cary NC, US

Assignee:

North Carolina State University

International Classification:

C12Q001/68

US Classification:

435/006000

Abstract:

A nucleic acid hybridization detection assay is carried out at a solid surface. Capture probes comprising single-stranded oligonucleotides are immobilized to a solid substrate surface. In some embodiments using sandwich assay methodology, the capture probes hybridize complementary target nucleic acid sequences, which in turn are bound to detection probes comprising nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates comprising target-complementary oligonucleotides. In some embodiments, detection probes comprise nanoparticles attached to molecules comprising one partner of a ligand-binding pair (e.g., streptavidin), while target sequences comprise the other partner of the ligand-binding pair (e.g., biotin). The solid surface is exposed to light at a wavelength that is absorbed by the nanoparticle, thus eliciting a temperature jump. The heat generated by the nanoparticle excitation is detected by a photothermography method such as infrared thermography.

US Patent:

20050191651, Sep 1, 2005

Filed:

Nov 1, 2004

Appl. No.:

10/978756

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Daniel Feldheim - Cary NC, US
Scott Brewer - Danville VA, US
Lisa Lowe - Clayton NC, US

International Classification:

C12Q001/68

US Classification:

435006000

Abstract:

A nucleic acid hybridization detection assay is carried out at a solid electrode. A solid electrode, such as an indium tin oxide electrode, is modified by single-stranded capture oligonucleotides that are immobilized to the surface of the electrode. Using sandwich assay methodology, complementary target nucleic acid sequences hybridize to the capture oligonucleotides, which are in turn hybridized to a detection probe comprising a nanoparticle. When the assay is carried out in the presence of a redox mediator in solution, the nanoparticle catalyzes the transfer of electrons to the electrode, thus generating a detectable electrical current.

US Patent:

20080199529, Aug 21, 2008

Filed:

Feb 15, 2008

Appl. No.:

12/032292

Inventors:

Stefan Franzen - Apex NC, US
Daniel L. Feldheim - Cary NC, US
Alexander G. Tkachenko - Raleigh NC, US
Marisha L. Godek - Fort Collins CO, US
Joseph A. Ryan - Raleigh NC, US
Miles F. Anderson - Raleigh NC, US

International Classification:

A61K 31/7088
A61K 9/51
A61K 38/16
A61K 38/02
A61P 43/00

US Classification:

424497, 514 44, 424490, 514 12, 514 2

Abstract:

A nanoparticle delivery vehicle, comprising a nanoparticle, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal and methods of modulating gene expression and protein expression employing the nanoparticle delivery vehicle. A representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter of about 30 nm or less, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the nucleus of a target cell. Another representative method includes providing a nanoparticle delivery vehicle comprising a nanoparticle having a diameter greater than or equal to about 30 nm, an active agent and a nuclear localization signal; and contacting a target cell with the nanoparticle delivery vehicle, whereby an active agent is delivered to the cytoplasm of a cell.