Stephen Forrest

US Patent:

7194173, Mar 20, 2007

Filed:

Jul 16, 2004

Appl. No.:

10/892465

Inventors:

Max Shtein - Ann Arbor MI, US
Stephen R. Forrest - Princeton NJ, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

G02B 6/02

US Classification:

385128, 385123

Abstract:

A photoactive fiber is provided, as well as a method of fabricating such a fiber. The fiber has a conductive core including a first electrode. An organic layer surrounds and is electrically connected to the first electrode. A transparent second electrode surrounds and is electrically connected to the organic layer. Other layers, such as blocking layers or smoothing layers, may also be incorporated into the fiber. The fiber may be woven into a cloth.

US Patent:

7294849, Nov 13, 2007

Filed:

Mar 13, 2002

Appl. No.:

10/472401

Inventors:

Mark E. Thompson - Anaheim CA, US
Stephen Forrest - Ann Arbor MI, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ
The University of Southern California - Los Angeles CA

International Classification:

H01L 35/24

US Classification:

257 40, 257E51001, 257E51008, 257E51018, 257E51019

Abstract:

An OLED includes a wide gap inert host material doped with two dopants. One of the dopants is an emissive phosphorescent material that can transport either electrons or holes. The other dopant is a charge carrying material that can transport whichever of the electrons and holes that is not transported by the phosphorescent dopant. The materials are selected so that the lowest triplet energy level of the host material and the lowest triplet energy level of the charge carrying dopant material are each at a higher energy level than the lowest triplet state energy level of the phosphorescent dopant material. The device is capable, in particular, of efficiently emitting light in the blue region of the visible spectrum.

US Patent:

7414294, Aug 19, 2008

Filed:

Dec 16, 2005

Appl. No.:

11/304687

Inventors:

Stephen R. Forrest - Ann Arbor MI, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

H01L 27/14

US Classification:

257431, 257 40, 257 9

Abstract:

A plurality of quantum dots each have a shell. The quantum dots are embedded in an organic matrix. At least the quantum dots and the organic matrix are photoconductive semiconductors. The shell of each quantum dot is arranged as a tunneling barrier to require a charge carrier (an electron or a hole) at a base of the tunneling barrier in the organic matrix to perform quantum mechanical tunneling to reach the respective quantum dot. A first quantum state in each quantum dot is between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the organic matrix. Wave functions of the first quantum state of the plurality of quantum dots may overlap to form an intermediate band.

US Patent:

7435617, Oct 14, 2008

Filed:

Nov 30, 2004

Appl. No.:

10/999716

Inventors:

Max Shtein - Ann Arbor MI, US
Fan Yang - Princeton NJ, US
Stephen R. Forrest - Princeton NJ, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

H01L 51/40
H01L 35/24

US Classification:

438 99, 257 40

Abstract:

A method of fabricating an optoelectronic device comprises: depositing a first layer having protrusions over a first electrode, in which the first layer comprises a first organic small molecule material; depositing a second layer on the first layer such that the second layer is in physical contact with the first layer; in which the smallest lateral dimension of the protrusions are between 1 to 5 times the exciton diffusion length of the first organic small molecule material; and depositing a second electrode over the second layer to form the optoelectronic device. A method of fabricating an organic optoelectronic device having a bulk heterojunction is also provided and comprises: depositing a first layer with protrusions over an electrode by organic vapor phase deposition; depositing a second layer on the first layer where the interface of the first and second layers forms a bulk heterojunction; and depositing another electrode over the second layer.

US Patent:

7482195, Jan 27, 2009

Filed:

Sep 29, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/529367

Inventors:

Rhonda F. Salzman - Ann Arbor MI, US
Stephen R. Forrest - Ann Arbor MI, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

H01L 21/00

US Classification:

438 57, 438 48, 438 65, 438 66, 438 82, 257 40, 257183, 257184, 257461, 436147

Abstract:

A method of purifying small molecule organic material, performed as a series of operations beginning with a first sample of the organic small molecule material. The first step is to purify the organic small molecule material by thermal gradient sublimation. The second step is to test the purity of at least one sample from the purified organic small molecule material by spectroscopy. The third step is to repeat the first through third steps on the purified small molecule material if the spectroscopic testing reveals any peaks exceeding a threshold percentage of a magnitude of a characteristic peak of a target organic small molecule. The steps are performed at least twice. The threshold percentage is at most 10%. Preferably the threshold percentage is 5% and more preferably 2%. The threshold percentage may be selected based on the spectra of past samples that achieved target performance characteristics in finished devices.

US Patent:

7561772, Jul 14, 2009

Filed:

Mar 19, 2007

Appl. No.:

11/725641

Inventors:

Max Shtein - Ann Arbor MI, US
Stephen R. Forrest - Princeton NJ, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

G02B 6/036
G02B 6/12

US Classification:

385128, 385131

Abstract:

A photoactive fiber is provided, as well as a method of fabricating such a fiber. The fiber has a conductive core including a first electrode. An organic layer surrounds and is electrically connected to the first electrode. A transparent second electrode surrounds and is electrically connected to the organic layer. Other layers, such as blocking layers or smoothing layers, may also be incorporated into the fiber. The fiber may be woven into a cloth.

US Patent:

7579773, Aug 25, 2009

Filed:

Jun 5, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/447473

Inventors:

Stephen Forrest - Ann Arbor MI, US
Hiroshi Kanno - Osaka, JP

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ

International Classification:

H01J 1/62

US Classification:

313504, 313506

Abstract:

The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters. The emissive region of the devices of the present invention comprise at least one phosphor-sensitized layer which has a combined emission from a phosphorescent emitter and a fluorescent emitter. In preferred embodiments, the invention relates to white-emitting OLEDS (WOLEDs).

US Patent:

7598381, Oct 6, 2009

Filed:

Sep 11, 2006

Appl. No.:

11/518311

Inventors:

Mark E. Thompson - Anaheim CA, US
Carsten Borek - Pasadena CA, US
Kenneth Hanson - Los Angeles CA, US
Peter Djurovich - Long Beach CA, US
Yiru Sun - Princeton NJ, US
Stephen Forrest - Ann Arbor MI, US
Arnold Tamayo - Glendale CA, US

Assignee:

The Trustees of Princeton University - Princeton NJ
The University of Southern California - Los Angeles CA
The Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor MI

International Classification:

C07F 15/00
H05B 33/14

US Classification:

546 2, 428690, 428917, 546 10, 548101

Abstract:

Certain iridium compounds which may comprise an iridium(III)-ligand complex having the general formula: (C^N)—Ir—(N^N). (C^N) and (N^N) may each represent a ligand coordinated to an iridium atom. The iridium compounds may have a primary phosphorescent photoluminescence peak wavelength in the near-infrared (IR) range. Also, organic devices that use certain iridium compounds. The organic device may comprise an organic layer and the organic layer may comprise any of the iridium compounds disclosed herein. Also, organic devices that use certain metalloporphyrin compounds. The metalloporphyrin compounds may comprise a core porphyrin structure with four pyrrole rings. The metalloporphyrin compounds may have a primary phosphorescent photoluminescence peak wavelength in the near-IR range.